Laparoscopic Surgery
Laparoscopic Surgery
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery that uses small incisions and specialized surgical instruments to perform surgical procedures inside the body. Instead of making a large incision, laparoscopic surgery uses a laparoscope which is a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to the end, to provide the surgeon with a magnified view of the inside of the body.
Laparoscopic Management of Ovarian Cysts
Laparoscopic management of ovarian cysts, otherwise known as laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, is a minimally-invasive surgical technique used to remove ovarian cysts. Usually, ovarian cysts cause little to no symptoms. However, some women might feel excruciating pelvic pain as well as pain during sexual intercourse. The procedure consists of making several minuscule incisions in the abdomen and introducing a laparoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera attached that lets the surgeon view the ovaries and cysts on a monitor. The surgeon then uses small instruments to remove the cysts. Laparoscopic management is less invasive than traditional open surgery, resulting in less pain, a shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery time. The typical indications leading to the surgery are:
- Cysts that cause heavy symptoms.
- Potentially cancerous cysts.
- Endometriomas.
- Suspicious cysts.
- Cysts causing infertility.
- Benign lesions of the ovaries.
- Cystic teratoma.
- Ovarian cyst rupture.
Laparoscopic management of tubal pregnancy
Because of its minimally invasive nature, laparoscopic methods are suitable for treating tubal pregnancy. This condition, also known as ectopic pregnancy, takes place when the fertilised egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. Salpingostomy and salpingectomy are the two kinds of laparoscopic surgeries used to treat most ectopic pregnancies. A laparoscope, a thin, flexible tube with an attached camera, is introduced during the surgery through tiny incisions made in the belly. The ectopic pregnancy can then be removed by the surgeon, who can also use cutting-edge surgical devices to fix any fallopian tube damage.In the salpingostomy process, the ectopic pregnancy is removed, leaving the tube to heal on its own. While in a salpingectomy, the ectopic pregnancy is removed along with the tube. A laparoscopic management of tubal pregnancy will be required in the following cases:
- To diagnose ectopic pregnancy.
- A ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
- Previously failed medical management of ectopic pregnancy.
- Removal of the pregnancy without harming the fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopic management of tubal pregnancy
Because of its minimally invasive nature, laparoscopic methods are suitable for treating tubal pregnancy. This condition, also known as ectopic pregnancy, takes place when the fertilised egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. Salpingostomy and salpingectomy are the two kinds of laparoscopic surgeries used to treat most ectopic pregnancies. A laparoscope, a thin, flexible tube with an attached camera, is introduced during the surgery through tiny incisions made in the belly. The ectopic pregnancy can then be removed by the surgeon, who can also use cutting-edge surgical devices to fix any fallopian tube damage.In the salpingostomy process, the ectopic pregnancy is removed, leaving the tube to heal on its own. While in a salpingectomy, the ectopic pregnancy is removed along with the tube. A laparoscopic management of tubal pregnancy will be required in the following cases:
- To diagnose ectopic pregnancy.
- A ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
- Previously failed medical management of ectopic pregnancy.
- Removal of the pregnancy without harming the fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy
Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) is a surgical procedure that combines laparoscopy and vaginal hysterectomy to remove the uterus. The procedure requires making small incisions in the abdomen to insert a laparoscope. The surgeon uses the laparoscope to view the uterus and surrounding structures on a monitor. The surgeon then makes a small incision in the vagina to access the uterus and detach it from its supporting ligaments. The uterus is then extracted through the vagina.
LAVH has several advantages over traditional open hysterectomy. It offers less pain, smaller scars, a shorter hospital stay and a quick recovery. LAVH is required to treat the following conditions:
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- Fibroid uterus with menorrhagia
- Endometriosis with severe pain in abdomen
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Submucous myoma
Laparoscopic Salpingo-Oophorectomy
The removal of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) of your ovaries and fallopian tubes is known as a salpingo-oophorectomy in medical parlance. The laparoscopic version of the surgery is cutting-edge, minimally invasive and seamless, and hence, most suitable for the wide range of associated benefits. If you have symptoms from ovarian cysts or masses, such as pain or discomfort, a salpingo-oophorectomy may be required. If you have a high chance of developing breast cancer or ovarian cancer, your surgeon could also advise a prophylactic (or preventative) salpingo-oophorectomy. The surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia. A thin tube with an attached camera is inserted into your abdomen, and by dint of it, the surgeon views the internal organs and manoeuvres the surgical instruments to remove your ovaries and fallopian tubes. Laparoscopic Salpingo-oophorectomy can help treat several conditions, including:
- The symptoms of ovarian cysts
- Ovarian and tubal cancers
- Endometriosis
- Pelvic inflammatory diseases
- Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2
Laparoscopic Salpingo-Oophorectomy
The removal of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) of your ovaries and fallopian tubes is known as a salpingo-oophorectomy in medical parlance. The laparoscopic version of the surgery is cutting-edge, minimally invasive and seamless, and hence, most suitable for the wide range of associated benefits. If you have symptoms from ovarian cysts or masses, such as pain or discomfort, a salpingo-oophorectomy may be required. If you have a high chance of developing breast cancer or ovarian cancer, your surgeon could also advise a prophylactic (or preventative) salpingo-oophorectomy. The surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia. A thin tube with an attached camera is inserted into your abdomen, and by dint of it, the surgeon views the internal organs and manoeuvres the surgical instruments to remove your ovaries and fallopian tubes. Laparoscopic Salpingo-oophorectomy can help treat several conditions, including:
- The symptoms of ovarian cysts
- Ovarian and tubal cancers
- Endometriosis
- Pelvic inflammatory diseases
- Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2
Laparoscopic Burch Suspension
Laparoscopic Burch suspension is a surgical procedure used to treat stress urinary incontinence in women. Stress urinary incontinence occurs when the muscles that support the bladder become weak or damaged, causing urine to leak out during activities that mount pressure on the bladder, such as heavy exercise, coughing, sneezing, or lifting heavy objects. In a laparoscopic Burch suspension, small incisions are created onto the abdomen, and a laparoscope is inserted. The surgeon uses the laparoscope to view the bladder and surrounding structures on a monitor. The surgeon then places sutures, or stitches, in the tissues around the urethra to support it and prevent urine from leaking out during activities that put pressure on the bladder. The sutures are tied to the pelvic bone or other structures in the pelvis to hold them in place. The need for the surgery could stem from the following indications:
- Stress urinary incontinence.
- Failed conservative management.
- Pelvic organ prolapse.
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive variant of abdominal hysterectomy used to remove the uterus through small incisions in the abdomen. The procedure is typically performed to treat a range of gynecologic conditions, including uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and abnormal uterine bleeding.
The laparoscope enables the surgeon to view the uterus and surrounding structures on a monitor. The surgeon then uses small instruments to remove the uterus through one or more small incisions in the abdomen. Laparoscopic hysterectomy is beneficial as it leaves smaller scars, which are less noticeable and heal more quickly. Laparoscopic hysterectomy has versatile applications, including the treatments of:
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- Fibroid uterus with menorrhagia
- Endometriosis with severe pain abdomen
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Submucous myoma
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive variant of abdominal hysterectomy used to remove the uterus through small incisions in the abdomen. The procedure is typically performed to treat a range of gynecologic conditions, including uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and abnormal uterine bleeding.
The laparoscope enables the surgeon to view the uterus and surrounding structures on a monitor. The surgeon then uses small instruments to remove the uterus through one or more small incisions in the abdomen. Laparoscopic hysterectomy is beneficial as it leaves smaller scars, which are less noticeable and heal more quickly. Laparoscopic hysterectomy has versatile applications, including the treatments of:
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- Fibroid uterus with menorrhagia
- Endometriosis with severe pain abdomen
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Submucous myoma
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy
Diagnostic hysteroscopy is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of a woman’s uterus using a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope. During a diagnostic hysteroscopy, the doctor inserts the hysteroscope through the vagina and cervix and into the uterus. The hysteroscope is equipped with a camera that provides a clear view of the inside of the uterus on a monitor. The doctor can use this minutely-detailed view to look for abnormalities or signs of disease. The procedure is typically performed in an outpatient setting and usually takes less than an hour. Diagnostic hysteroscopy helps you detect a spectrum of gynaecological conditions, such as :
- Uterine polyps
- Uterine fibroids
- Adhesions and scar tissues
- Septums or congenital malformations of the uterus.
Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Laparoscopic myomectomy is a minimally invasive technique used to remove uterine fibroids preserving fertility. This procedure is performed under general anaesthesia. A camera, along with the laparoscope, is introduced through tiny incisions on your abdomen to generate a minutely-detailed view of the internal organs. During a laparoscopic myomectomy, the surgeon uses specialised surgical tools to remove the fibroids while preserving the uterus. This procedure is typically recommended for women who wish to preserve their fertility, as it allows the uterus to remain unscathed. This results in smaller scars, less pain, and a faster recovery time. Patients are usually able to return to normal activities within a few weeks of the procedure. The surgery could be recommended in the following cases:
- To diagnose and treat uterine fibroids
- To eradicate large uterine fibroids
- To get rid of fibroids without losing fertility.
Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Laparoscopic myomectomy is a minimally invasive technique used to remove uterine fibroids preserving fertility. This procedure is performed under general anaesthesia. A camera, along with the laparoscope, is introduced through tiny incisions on your abdomen to generate a minutely-detailed view of the internal organs. During a laparoscopic myomectomy, the surgeon uses specialised surgical tools to remove the fibroids while preserving the uterus. This procedure is typically recommended for women who wish to preserve their fertility, as it allows the uterus to remain unscathed. This results in smaller scars, less pain, and a faster recovery time. Patients are usually able to return to normal activities within a few weeks of the procedure. The surgery could be recommended in the following cases:
- To diagnose and treat uterine fibroids
- To eradicate large uterine fibroids
- To get rid of fibroids without losing fertility.
Laparoscopic Intestinal & Tubal Anastomosis
Laparoscopic intestinal and tubal anastomosis are two surgical procedures that involve connecting two ends of the intestine or fallopian tubes, respectively. These procedures are performed using a laparoscope. During laparoscopic intestinal anastomosis, the surgeon removes the affected portion of the intestine and then reconnects the remaining healthy sections. This procedure is typically performed on patients who have had a portion of their intestine removed due to injury, infection, or cancer. This procedure is recommended for women who have had their tubes tied or blocked but who now wish to become pregnant.
Laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy
Laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy is a surgical procedure used to treat pelvic organ prolapse, which is a condition that occurs when the pelvic organs (such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum) descend or bulge into the vaginal canal. During laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy, the surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen and introduces the laparoscope. The camera allows the surgeon to view the pelvic organs and identify the site of the prolapse. The surgeon then uses surgical mesh to support and lift the pelvic organs back into their proper position. The mesh is attached to the sacrum, the triangular bone situated at the base of the spine, to hold the organs in place. However, it is important to note that laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy is not suitable for all patients. Women who are not candidates for this procedure may require other forms of treatment, such as vaginal pessaries or traditional open surgery. The indication for the surgery could stem from the following:
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Previously failed conservative management
Laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy
Laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy is a surgical procedure used to treat pelvic organ prolapse, which is a condition that occurs when the pelvic organs (such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum) descend or bulge into the vaginal canal. During laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy, the surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen and introduces the laparoscope. The camera allows the surgeon to view the pelvic organs and identify the site of the prolapse. The surgeon then uses surgical mesh to support and lift the pelvic organs back into their proper position. The mesh is attached to the sacrum, the triangular bone situated at the base of the spine, to hold the organs in place. However, it is important to note that laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy is not suitable for all patients. Women who are not candidates for this procedure may require other forms of treatment, such as vaginal pessaries or traditional open surgery. The indication for the surgery could stem from the following:
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Previously failed conservative management
Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for gynaecological malignancies
Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove lymph nodes from the pelvis and abdomen. This procedure is commonly used in the treatment of gynaecological malignancies, such as ovarian, cervical, or endometrial cancer. During laparoscopic lymphadenectomy, the surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen and introduces a laparoscope, a thin tube paired with a camera and surgical instruments. The camera allows the surgeon to view the pelvic organs and identify the lymph nodes that need to be removed. The surgeon then uses specialised surgical instruments to carefully remove the lymph nodes. The main indications for the surgery are the following:
- Suspicion or diagnosis of gynaecological malignancy.
- Recurrent gynaecological malignancy
Laparoscopic Fimbrioplasty
Laparoscopic fimbrioplasty is a surgical procedure used to repair damaged or blocked fimbria, which are the finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes. Fimbria play an important role in capturing and guiding the egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where fertilisation occurs.
During laparoscopic fimbrioplasty, the camera attached to the laparoscope allows the surgeon to view the pelvic organs and identify the damaged or blocked fimbria. The surgeon then uses specialised surgical instruments to carefully repair or reconstruct the fimbria, allowing them to function properly and increasing the chances of successful conception. The indications for the surgery include:
- Blocked or damaged fimbriae
- Unexplained infertility.
- History of pelvic infections.
- Previous tubal surgeries.
- Desire to conceive naturally.
Laparoscopic Fimbrioplasty
Laparoscopic fimbrioplasty is a surgical procedure used to repair damaged or blocked fimbria, which are the finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes. Fimbria play an important role in capturing and guiding the egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where fertilisation occurs.
During laparoscopic fimbrioplasty, the camera attached to the laparoscope allows the surgeon to view the pelvic organs and identify the damaged or blocked fimbria. The surgeon then uses specialised surgical instruments to carefully repair or reconstruct the fimbria, allowing them to function properly and increasing the chances of successful conception. The indications for the surgery include:
- Blocked or damaged fimbriae
- Unexplained infertility.
- History of pelvic infections.
- Previous tubal surgeries.
- Desire to conceive naturally.
Laparoscopic Management of Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which endometrium, the tissue that typically lines the interior of your uterus, develops and overgrows outside of your uterus.
The tissue lining your pelvis, ovaries and fallopian tubes can all eventually get affected by endometriosis. Despite the fact that you have endometriosis symptoms, your doctor can only determine whether you have it by conducting a laparoscopy. During the laparoscopy, your surgeon can remove any lesions and scarring caused by endometriosis. The length of the surgery might vary from 30 minutes to six hours or more, depending on how much endometriosis needs to be removed by the surgeon. The need for laparoscopic management of endometriosis may stem from the following:
- Patients’ need to alleviate pelvic pain
- Fertility-promoting surgeries.
- To establish tubo-ovarian relationship.
Operative hysteroscopy: submucous myomectomy, metroplasty & TCRE
Operative hysteroscopy is the application of hysteroscopy to diagnose and treat problems inside the uterus. It involves the insertion of a thin, telescope-like instrument, namely a hysteroscope, through the vagina and cervix and into the uterus. Submucous myomectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of fibroids (non-cancerous growths) that develop in the wall of the uterus and, afterwards, protrude into the uterine cavity. During the procedure, the hysteroscope is used to guide surgical instruments to remove the fibroids.
Metroplasty is a surgical procedure that is used to correct certain uterine abnormalities, such as a uterine septum (a wall of tissue that divides the uterus) or a bicornuate uterus (a heart-shaped uterus). During the procedure, the hysteroscope is used to visualise the inside of the uterus, while surgical instruments are used to remove or reshape the tissue causing the abnormality.
Transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) is a surgical procedure that is used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding or other abnormalities of the endometrial lining of the uterus. Operative hysteroscopy is most effective in treating:
- Uterine polyps
- Uterine sub-mucous fibroids
- Adhesions and scar tissues
- Septums or congenital malformations of the uterus.
Operative hysteroscopy: submucous myomectomy, metroplasty & TCRE
Operative hysteroscopy is the application of hysteroscopy to diagnose and treat problems inside the uterus. It involves the insertion of a thin, telescope-like instrument, namely a hysteroscope, through the vagina and cervix and into the uterus. Submucous myomectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of fibroids (non-cancerous growths) that develop in the wall of the uterus and, afterwards, protrude into the uterine cavity. During the procedure, the hysteroscope is used to guide surgical instruments to remove the fibroids.
Metroplasty is a surgical procedure that is used to correct certain uterine abnormalities, such as a uterine septum (a wall of tissue that divides the uterus) or a bicornuate uterus (a heart-shaped uterus). During the procedure, the hysteroscope is used to visualise the inside of the uterus, while surgical instruments are used to remove or reshape the tissue causing the abnormality.
Transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) is a surgical procedure that is used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding or other abnormalities of the endometrial lining of the uterus. Operative hysteroscopy is most effective in treating:
- Uterine polyps
- Uterine sub-mucous fibroids
- Adhesions and scar tissues
- Septums or congenital malformations of the uterus.
Laparoscopic Vesico-vaginal Fistula Repair
Laparoscopic vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to repair a vesicovaginal fistula, which occurs as an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina. A VVF can result from various causes, such as childbirth trauma, surgery, radiation therapy, or underlying medical conditions. During the procedure, a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light, is inserted through small incisions in the abdomen, allowing the surgeon to visualise the affected area. The surgeon then uses specialised instruments to repair the fistula and reconstruct the surrounding tissue to restore normal anatomy and function. After the surgery, patients may experience some discomfort and may need to avoid strenuous activity for several weeks. They will typically be advised to avoid sexual intercourse for several weeks to allow the repaired tissue to heal. Regular follow-up visits with the surgeon will be necessary to ensure the success of the procedure and to monitor for any potential complications. The surgery may be required to treat myriad conditions, such as:
- Urinary incontinence
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
- Previously failed conservative management
- To treat small to medium-sized vesicovaginal fistula
